【La forza del destino】Synopsis, Character Map

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La forza del destino: Character Map

La forza del destino: Character Map
La forza del destino: Character Map

La forza del destino: Roles

LeonoraDaughter of the Marquissoprano
Don AlvaroLeonora’s suitortenor
Don Carlo di VargasSon of the Marquisbaritone
Il Padre Guardianoa Franciscanbass
Preziosillaa young gypsymezzo-soprano
Fra Melitonea Franciscanbaritone
The Marquis of Calatravabass
  • Native title: La forza del destino
  • Composers: Giuseppe Verdi
  • Librettist: Francesco Maria Piave
    Antonio Ghislanzoni
  • Based on: Ángel de Saavedra’s Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino
  • Language: Italian
  • Premiere: November 10, 1862, Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, Saint Petersburg
    February 27, 1869, Teatro alla Scala, Milan
  • Running time: 2 hours 45 minutes (Act 1: 25 minutes, Act 2: 50 minutes, Act 3: 55 minutes, Act 4: 35 minutes)

La forza del destino: Summary

Leonora and Alvaro are in love. However, her father disapproves of their relationship. When they are about to elope, Alvaro’s gun goes off her father dies. During their escape, they become separated.

Leonora’s brother, Carlo, searches for them. In desperation, Leonora retreats to a cave in a monastery. Alvaro hides his identity and goes to war. There Carlo and Alvaro become friends. Carlo discovers that Alvaro is his sister’s lover. They duel, but the others stop them.

Five years later, Carlo finds Alvaro in a convent and offers another duel. Alvaro accepts out of necessity. Carlo is seriously wounded. Alvaro goes to the cave to ask for help and finds Leonora there. Leonora rushes to the dying Carlo. Leonora is stabbed to death by Carlo.

La forza del destino: Act 1, Synopsis

The mansion of Leonora’s family, in Seville

Leonora’s room at night. The Marquis of Calatrava comes to greet his daughter, Leonora. At the back of the room, a maid is waiting.

The Marquis of Calatrava
Good night. The window’s still open.

He closes the window.

Leonora

…Father.

The Marquis of Calatrava
Why do you look so sad?

The clean air of the countryside has given you peace of mind. You were able to escape from someone who was not worthy of you. You can trust me with your future. Trust in the Father who loves you.

Leonora cries and jumps into her father’s chest. The Marquis bids her good night and leaves the room. A maid approaches the weeping Leonora.

Curra
I was afraid that the Marquis would be here until tomorrow. Let’s get ready and leave.

Curra opens the window.

Leonora

My dear father. My father will not like what I want. I’ve decided to leave this place, but I can’t make up my mind.

My father’s words just now pierced my heart like a dagger. If my father had stayed here, he might have told me the truth.

Curra
That way, tomorrow, Alvaro will be in his blood. He will be a prisoner in Seville and then to the gallows. And all this because he loved someone who would not love him back.

Leonora

I don’t love him? You know how much I love him. I would give up my home, my family, my father for him.

I’m leaving the place where I was born and raised. I will be a pilgrim and an orphan. An inexorable fate will carry me to a strange shore.

Me, pellegrina ed orfana

Curra
Let’s hurry up and get ready. Please help me.

Leonora

What if he doesn’t show up? It’s late. It’s almost midnight.

Curra
It is the sound of horses trampling.

Leonora

It’s him!

Alvaro enters the room from the balcony.

Don Alvaro

Forever, my angel. The heavens bind us together, and the universe rejoices in our embrace.

Ah, per sempre, o mio bell’angiol

Leonora

Alvaro…

Don Alvaro

What are you so confused about?

For a long time, there have been a thousand obstacles in your compound that have prevented me from entering. But nothing can stand against the magic of pure and divine love.

(To Curra) Throw her clothes off the balcony.

Leonora

(To Curra) Stop it.

Don Alvaro

Let’s get out of this kind of prison.

Leonora

I don’t know what to do.

Don Alvaro

The horses I have prepared are already waiting, and the priest is waiting for us at the altar. When the Sun, God of the Indians, Lord of my royal bloodline, fills the world with radiance, we will be the bride and groom.

Leonora

Tomorrow… I’m leaving tomorrow. I want to see my father again. I know you love me and you won’t oppose my decision. I love you too. I love you!

Don Alvaro

I understand everything. Let me suffer. An unreasonable marriage will bring us death.

Leonora

I am yours. I will follow you to the end. I will follow you. Our destinies cannot be divided.

The two of them try to go out from the balcony. A noise echoed from outside the room.

Curra
It’s the sound of going up the stairs.

Leonora

(To Alvaro) You should hide.

Don Alvaro

(Gun in hand) No, I’m protecting you.

Leonora

Please put your weapons away. Are you going to point it at my father?

Don Alvaro

No, I point the gun at myself.

Leonora

What a horrible thing!

The Marquis of Calatrava enters with his sword and two attendants.

The Marquis of Calatrava
O, tempter! Daughter of infamy!

Leonora

Father.

The Marquis of Calatrava
There is no one here named Father.

Don Alvaro

I alone am guilty. Take your revenge on me.

The Marquis of Calatrava
I know that your actions are the result of your abominable origins.

Don Alvaro

Marquis! (Gun in hand) If anyone moves, it will be a disaster.

Leonora

What are you doing?

Don Alvaro

Your daughter is as pure as an angel. I am sinful. Please end my life with your hands.

The Marquis of Calatrava
Your death at my hands would be a brazen request. I will extinguish your life at the hands of the executioner.

Don Alvaro

I am helpless.

Alvaro threw down his gun and it went off, fatally wounding the Marquis.

Don Alvaro

What a sinister weapon.

Leonora tries to run to her father.

The Marquis of Calatrava
Get away from me. Your form defiles my death. I curse you all.

The two squires carry the body of the Marquis. Alvaro leaves with a grieving Leonora.

After this, Leonora and Alvaro are separated during their escape.

La forza del destino: Act 2, Synopsis

Scene1

An inn in the village of Hornachuelos

In the evening, people in the dining hall are preparing dinner. Don Carlo, disguised as a student, and peasants sit at tables and drink. The peasants are dancing.

Peasants
Dinner! Dinner!

Don Carlo di Vargas

(Do I search in vain for my sister and the seducer?)

Mayor
(To Carlo) Let’s ask the students here to pray for the meal.

Leonora, dressed as a man, enters the diner from the upstairs inn and finds her brother Carlo. At the same time as Leonora, the master mule puller (Trabuco) enters the diner.

Leonora

(I’ve found him. My brother is here.)

Leonora turned back in a hurry. The meal begins. Carlo asks Trabuco a question.

Don Carlo di Vargas

Who is the small man who came into the cafeteria with you earlier?

In the middle of the questioning, a gypsy woman, Preziosilla, noisily entered the dining room.

All
She’s a woman who can tell fate.

Preziosilla
Who wants to make money? If you want to make money, become a soldier. Go to Italy to fight against Germany.

All
Death to the Germans!

Preziosilla
The sound of drums, the liveliness of horses, the buzz of the battlefield, morale is high. Long live the war. Cowards are forgotten and brave soldiers are rewarded with honor and glory.

Al suon del tamburo

Carlo puts his hand out to her.

Don Carlo di Vargas

What can you expect from a student like me?

Preziosilla
You’re going to have a miserable time. (whispering) I don’t trust you. You’re not a student. I’m not going to say anything. But you can’t fool me. Tra-la-la-la!

From outside the cafeteria, I could hear the pilgrims singing.

Voices of the Pilgrims
O Lord, Eternal Father. Have mercy on us.

Padre Eterno Signor

All
Who are they?

Mayor
Pilgrims.

Leonora looks at him from the shadows.

Leonora

(I’ve got to get out of here.)

All
Let us pray with the pilgrims.

Leonora

(Please save me from my brother who seeks my blood. No one can save me. Have mercy on me, O God.)

Carlo questions Trabuco again.

Don Carlo di Vargas

I want to ask Maestro Trabuco. Is the small man you just saw also a pilgrim? Is he a woman or a man?

Trabuco
I don’t care about the identity of the travelers I put on the mules, as long as they pay me. You are persistent. Let’s sleep in the stables today.

Trabuco leaves the diner.

Don Carlo di Vargas

The little guy doesn’t have a beard, so I’ll give him two mustaches.

All
Good one! Let’s do it.

Mayor
I disagree with that, as I am a protector of travelers. More importantly, who are you?

Don Carlo di Vargas

My name is Pereda. I’m a student, soon to be Ph.D. I’ve been on leave for a while because my friend Vargas came to visit me a year ago.

This is the story of my friend Vargas. His sister had fallen in love with a foreigner and killed her father. My friend vowed to take revenge on his sister and the foreigner. I was heartbroken for my friend. After a while, he went to America to pursue the murderer. And I, Pereda, became a student again.

Son Pereda son ricco d’onore

Mayor
You seem like a decent person.

Preziosilla
Was the Marquis murdered? Did the murderer take your sister? But you can’t fool me. Tra-la-la-la!

Dinner was over and people were leaving the dining room.

Scene2

A monastery nearby

At night, in the moonlight, Leonora, dressed as a man, arrives at the monastery.

Leonora

I’ve arrived. Thank you, God. This will be my final home. I will never forget the terrible story my brother told me. He said that Alvaro was headed for the Atlantic Ocean. He was alive. We were separated that night. I can’t believe he left me.

Holy Mother of Mercy. Forgive me for my sins.

Madre, pietosa Vergine

Singing of the monks
Let us go before God. Weep. Weep before the God who created us.

Leonora rings the doorbell of the monastery. A small window in the door opens and she converses with a monk.

Leonora

Please take the Abbot.

Fra Melitone
The church opens at five o’clock.

Leonora

Introducing Father Cleto. It is urgent.

Fra Melitone
You’ve been introduced here by Father Cleto. Let’s open the door. Come on in.

Leonora

I can’t.

The friar is suspicious but goes to call the abbot. Padre Guardiano comes.

Il Padre Guardiano

Who needs me?

Leonora

It’s me. The secret…

Il Padre Guardiano

(To Fra Melitone) Leave. Come on, we’re alone.

Leonora

I am a woman. I am cursed by earth and heaven. I want you to deliver me from hell.

Il Padre Guardiano

What can a pathetic monk like me do for you?

Leonora

Did Father Creto send you a letter?

Il Padre Guardiano

It was you, Leonora. Now go to the cross. The voice of heaven will encourage your heart.

Leonora knelt in front of the cross.

Leonora

My mind has been quiet since I visited this place. I don’t see the vision of my father bleeding. I don’t hear the voice of my father cursing me.

So I want this place to be my tomb. A place among the rocks where a woman used to live.

Più tranquilla, l’alma sento

Il Padre Guardiano

Do you know that place?

Leonora

That’s what Father Cleto said.

Il Padre Guardiano

What do you want?

Leonora

I offer myself to God.

Il Padre Guardiano

Woe to those who deceive themselves. It is only a momentary lapse of fancy. More deadly repentance will come to the young you.

Will you be able to make your heart immutable? And your lover?

Leonora

He unintentionally killed my father.

Il Padre Guardiano

And your brother?

Leonora

My brother has sworn that he will take my death into his own hands.

Il Padre Guardiano

The holy door of the convent will be good for you.

Leonora

A convent! No, sir. If you drive out the repentant, I will enter the rocky mountain. I will take refuge in the mountains and seek food in the forest. Even the beasts will pity me.

Il Padre Guardiano

O merciful God, God for the wretched. You will be done. Are your vows firm?

Leonora

My vows are firm.

Il Padre Guardiano

I am the only one who knows who you are. There are hollows between the cliffs, and every seven days I will bring you a little food.

He calls Fra Melitone.

Il Padre Guardiano

(To Fra Melitone) Tell the other brothers to gather at the altar.

(To Leonora) You are to enter the cave at dawn. Comfort your souls with the food of angels. God will help you on your new path.

A ritual is performed for Leonora by Padre Guardiano and the monks.

Il Padre Guardiano

The mourners seek shelter among the cliffs. Let no one approach the holy refuge.

The monks
We’ll follow it.

Il Padre Guardiano

(To Leonora) Come on, stand up. You will not see anyone alive. If you are in danger, ring the bell in the cave.

Leonora

O Virgin among the angels, wrap me in your mantle. Watch over me.

La Vergine degli Angeli

Leonora walked into the cave alone.

La forza del destino: Act 3, Synopsis

Scene1

A forest near Velletri, in Italy

Forest at night. Don Alvaro is serving as a soldier in the Spanish army under a false identity. At the camp, the soldiers are gambling, but Alvaro is lost in thought.

Don Alvaro

The life of the unfortunate is hell. Leonora. It’s hard for me to remember that night.

Once upon a time, my father wanted to rid the world of foreign domination. To do so, he married the last princess of the Inca Empire. But it was in vain. I was born in a prison and grew up abandoned. I am alive because no one knows that I am of royal blood.

La vita è inferno all’infelice

You are in the arms of an angel. You have departed to the other world. I am exhausted and seek to meet death. Leonora, pity me.

O tu che seno agli angeli

The sound of fighting.

Don Carlo di Vargas

(Carlo’s voice) Coward!

Don Alvaro

What’s going on? Let’s go help.

Alvaro rushes to the commotion and helps Carlo.

Don Alvaro

Are you okay? We’re in an encampment. Why did you fight with them?

Don Carlo di Vargas

We argued over a bet.

Don Alvaro

I see. But you seem like a nobleman. Why did you make the bet?

Don Carlo di Vargas

I’m new here and unfamiliar with this place. I came here yesterday by order of the general. You saved my life, and I want to make a friendship with you.

They shake each other’s hands under false names.

Alvaro and Carlo
The world will see that we are friends in life and death.

Amici in vita e in morte

From a distance, they hear trumpets signaling battle. The two of them picked up their weapons and ran to the battlefield.

Scene2

The officers’ quarters

Morning. Alvaro, wounded in battle and unconscious, is brought to the encampment. He is accompanied by a military doctor and Carlo.

A surgeon
I’m worried about the scar on his chest.

Don Alvaro

Where am I?

Don Carlo di Vargas

You’re with a friend. I’ll save you. Calatrava’s prize is yours.

Don Alvaro

Calatrava! I will never, ever accept this.

Don Carlo di Vargas

(Why is he so frightened of the name Calatrava?)

Don Alvaro

I want to talk to my friend. (To the doctor) Leave us.

The military doctor is leaving.

Don Alvaro

In this solemn moment, I want you to swear to me. Fulfill your vow to me.

Solenne in quest’ora

Don Carlo di Vargas

I swear.

Don Alvaro

There is a key in my chest. (Pointing to his luggage) There is an envelope in the locked box. When I die, I want you to burn it.

Don Carlo di Vargas

I swear I will do so.

Alvaro is taken to a wounded man’s bed by a doctor and a soldier. Carlo is left alone.

Don Carlo di Vargas

Dying. Would even a brave man like him die? But he shuddered at the name of Kastrava. Could it be that he was his sister’s seducer?

(Pulling out a small box from his luggage.)
So this is the envelope. But I swore. No one is watching, but I am watching the deed.

(drops envelope down)
In this lies my fate. I came here to wash away my dishonor, and now I may be exposed to new shame. Oaths are sacred to those with honor. I’ll leave the envelope a mystery. What other evidence might there be?

(Rummage through the package.)
There’s a portrait. He didn’t say anything. Let’s open it. Yeah, that’s Leonora. He’s Alvaro. He’s alive, and now he’s going to die by my hand!

Urna fatale del mio destino

A surgeon
He survived.

Don Carlo di Vargas

He’s saved. I can avenge him. I can avenge an infamous man. Leonora, where are you hiding? How happy I’d be if I could send you both to hell with a sword.

Egli è salvo!

Scene3

A camp near the battleground

The encampment at night. The area is quiet.

Soldiers
Comrades, let’s take a break. Let’s take a look around the encampment. There is no noise, no light. Come on, comrades, keep moving. Soon we will hear the signal to get up.

Compagni, sostiamo

Dawn, Alvaro is alone.

Don Alvaro

I can’t even savor a moment of peace. My soul is tired from the cruel battle. It is in vain that I ask God for peace and oblivion.

Né gustare m’ è dato un’ ora di quiete

Carlo appears to Alvaro.

Don Carlo di Vargas

Is your wound fully healed? Can you accept the duel?

Don Alvaro

A duel with who?

Don Carlo di Vargas

Didn’t you get the message? Alvaro in Indio.

Don Alvaro

Coward. You betrayed me.

Don Carlo di Vargas

I didn’t see the envelope. But I saw the portrait. Let’s get out of here and duel.

Don Alvaro

I did not cause your father’s death. It was fate. That night, I was injured and lost Leonora. I tried to find her, but I knew she was dead.

Don Carlo di Vargas

No, my sister resorted to the convent of her relatives. I rushed there, but she was already gone.

Don Alvaro

Leonora is alive. Then we’ll find her together.

Don Carlo di Vargas

Why with you? After I kill you, I’ll kill my sister. She’ll pay for it with her blood.

Don Alvaro

Shut up! Let’s use my sword to eliminate the assassin who’s after Leonora.

Alvaro and Carlo draw their swords and fight. The encampment guards rush in and separate them.

Don Carlo di Vargas

You are my father’s executioner.

Don Alvaro

What’s left for me to do? O, merciful God. The warrior goes to the altar of the monastery to seek oblivion and peace.

The two are separated by the guards.


The sun rises, and drums and trumpets signal the rising of the sun. Spanish and Italian soldiers come out of their tents. Peddlers of liquor, fruit, bread, etc. go around the encampment. Preziosilla, a gypsy woman, appears.

Preziosilla
Come to the fortuneteller. I’ve come a long way. Solve the riddle and see the future.

Trabuco is selling things to the soldiers.

Trabuco
Who wants to buy cheap? Scissors, pins, soap. I’ll sell or buy anything. I’ll do any business you want.

Soldiers
“I have some jewelry. How much do you want for it?”
“Can you sell me a necklace?”
“Will you pay me for it?”

Trabuco
They’re all junk. But I’ll add a little to the purchase price for my services. What a bargain. Now, who wants to buy cheap?

Peasants appear and beg for food. Frightened recruits arrive.

Preziosilla
Don’t cry, young man. You’ll find a new lover. Have courage.

The women and recruits are dancing. A monk comes to offer comfort.

Fra Melitone
What a mess. I have come from Spain to heal your wounds. The soldiers are desecrating the holy Sunday. This is outrageous.

Italian Soldiers
The infamous friar! Grab him.

Spanish soldiers
Father. Please run away.

Fra Melitone is running away.

Preziosilla
(To the soldiers.) Let him go. Are you guys going to war with the priests? Well, that’s brilliant! I’ll protect you with my drums.

Preziosilla imitates drumming. She is followed by others who also beat their drums. A crowd of people and soldiers surround her.

Preziosilla
Rataplan, rataplan, glorious! The ardor returns in the soldiers. Rataplan, rataplan, glorious! This sound is the signal of victory.

Rataplan, rataplan, della gloria

Rataplan: A French interjection describing the sound of a drum.

La forza del destino: Act 4, Synopsis

Scene1

The monastery

A courtyard planted with trees. Padre Guardiano is walking solemnly, reading his Bible. Peasants, young and old, carrying crude bowls, containers, and plates, enter.

Peasants
Alms. We must leave. Alms!

Fate, la carità

Fra Melitone comes to the garden with a large pot.

Fra Melitone
Is this a tavern? ! Be quiet!

Peasant Woman
Give me more. I have many children.

Fra Melitone
Why do you have so many children? If you spend your nights observing the commandments as I do, God will not give you many children.

Il Padre Guardiano

Do charity work.

Peasants
Father Raphael did a lot of charity work!

Father Raphael: Alvaro. He’s in a convent, hiding his name.

Fra Melitone
Yeah, he took care of this job for eight days, but now he’s holed up in his room. How dare he force me to do such a troublesome job.

Peasants
He was like an angel. Like a saint. Father Raphael was so kind!

Fra Melitone
Get out of here!

Melitone was so angry that he chased the peasants out of the courtyard.

Fra Melitone
Oh, I can’t stand it any longer.

Auf! Pazienza non v’ha che basti!

Il Padre Guardiano

Fulfill your obligations by being charitable. Be humble. Don’t care if Father Raphael is adored by the people.

Fra Melitone
I’m his friend. But he talks to himself a lot and is a bit strange. He has a sharp look in his eyes sometimes.

Yesterday, I jokingly said to him, You look like a Mulatto. He ran out and shouted. He is a strange priest.

Il Padre Guardiano

He is disillusioned with the world and is going through the painful process of forgiveness. The all-nighters and abstinence must have confused his soul.

The bell rings at the monastery gate. Padre Guardiano leaves, and Fra Melitone goes to open the gate.

Don Carlo di Vargas

Get Father Raphael. Tell him the knight are here.

Fra Melitone
What an arrogant attitude.

Melitone goes to call Father Raphael.

Don Carlo di Vargas

Alvaro, it was in vain that you hid from the world in your hypocritical guise. Only your blood can wash away my anger.

Invano Alvaro

Alvaro comes in, dressed as a priest.

Don Alvaro

Don Carlo. Were you alive?

Don Carlo di Vargas

After five years of searching, I’ve finally found you. Your blood will wash away your infamy and your sins. The Book of Destiny says that I will punish you.

Don Alvaro

My hermitage and my clothes will tell you. I am atoning for my sins. I am repentant, and I want it to stay that way.

Don Carlo di Vargas

You have dishonored my name. You left me the sister you betrayed and abandoned.

Don Alvaro

No, I loved her. And I still do. If she loves me, there’s nothing to wish for.

Don Carlo di Vargas

My anger will not be appeased. Pick up your weapon.

Alvaro kneels to Carlo.

Don Alvaro

Regret and tears will speak to you.

Don Carlo di Vargas

It’s obvious by that act that you’ve come from a dirty background. You are stained with Mulatto’s blood.

Don Alvaro

Pick up your weapon. Get out. No, hell will not prevail. Get out of here.

Don Carlo di Vargas

You are a coward. Have you no heart? I will dishonor you.

Carlo slaps Alvaro.

Don Alvaro

Fate has decided. Death.

They both pick up their weapons and leave.

Scene2

A desolate spot near Leonora’s hermitage

The light dims and the moon is visible. Leonora walks out of the cave.

Leonora

Oh, peace. My God. I am suffering from a cruel misfortune. For many years, my suffering has been deep. I loved him. And I still love him. His image will never be taken from my heart.

(She finds the bread delivered by Padre Guardiano.)
Poor bread. You are extending my miserable life. Curse any who desecrate our sacred land!

Pace, pace, mio Dio!

She returns to the cave and locks the door. The sound of swords clashing from backstage.

Don Carlo di Vargas

(Carlo’s voice) I’m dying. Let me make a final confession to the priest. Please save my soul.

Io muoio! Confessione!

Alvaro appears near the cave.

Don Alvaro

The blood flowed again. There must be a hermit in this cave. (Knocking on the cave door) Comfort the dying.

Leonora

(From inside the cave) I can’t.

She rang the bell to tell Father Guardiano of the emergency. Alvaro begs her desperately, so she comes outside.

Leonora

O fearless one, flee from the wrath of heaven.

Don Alvaro

Is it a woman? Leonora.

Leonora

I never thought I’d see you again.

Don Alvaro

Get away from me. My hands are dripping with blood. A man is dying out there. I did everything I could to avoid a fight. I spent my days in a monastery. But he chased me, insulted me. I killed him.

Leonora

Who is in there?

Don Alvaro

Your brother.

Leonora walked into the forest.

Don Alvaro

What an unfortunate fate. Does fate ridicule me? Leonora was alive and I could see her again, but I had shed her brother’s blood.

Leonora’s scream.

Don Alvaro

Shouting! What’s happening!

Leonora, wounded by her brother, returns, supported by Father Guardiano.

Leonora

Even in his final hours, my brother did not forgive me. He avenged his shame with my blood.

Don Alvaro

God’s vengeance, I curse you.

Il Padre Guardiano

Don’t curse. Look. The angel will fly away to God.

Non imprecare

Leonora

I cry and pray. I ask God for your forgiveness.

Don Alvaro

I am the damned. There is blood between us.

Il Padre Guardiano

Prostrate yourself.

Leonora

I ask God for your forgiveness.

Don Alvaro

Leonora, I am redeemed, from heaven, I am forgiven!

Leonora

Leonora and the Priest
Praise be to God.

Leonora

Now that I am happy, I will go to the Promised Land before you. In that place, war will end and love will be holy.

Lieta or poss’io precederti

Don Alvaro

You’re leaving me. I should be the one to be punished.

Il Padre Guardiano

It is martyrdom. Let us pray for her ascension to the Lord. May her death teach you faith and compassion.

Leonora

I’ll be waiting for you in heaven.

Don Alvaro

She’s dead.

Il Padre Guardiano

She had ascended to God.

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